What Are Sensory Sensitivities in Autism?

Sensory Sensitivities in Autism refer to heightened or atypical responses to sensory stimuli, including sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and tactile sensations. In autism, these sensitivities can manifest in various ways, and individuals may be sensitive to one or more sensory inputs. It’s essential to understand that sensory sensitivities are not just preferences but neurological differences that can significantly impact an autistic person’s daily life.

Common Types of Sensory Sensitivities in Autism

Auditory Sensitivities:

Some autistic individuals may have heightened sensitivity to sounds. They may find everyday noises, such as sirens, loud conversations, or even the humming of fluorescent lights, overwhelming and distressing.

Visual Sensitivities:

Bright lights, flickering lights, or visual clutter can be particularly bothersome to individuals with autism. These sensitivities can affect their ability to focus and engage with their environment.

Tactile Sensitivities:

Many autistic individuals have heightened sensitivity to touch. Certain textures, clothing tags, seams, or even gentle touches may cause discomfort or distress.

Taste and Smell Sensitivities:

Some autistic individuals may be extremely sensitive to certain tastes or smells, leading to selective eating habits or avoiding specific environments with strong odors.

Proprioceptive Sensitivities: Proprioception refers to one’s sense of body position and movement. Some autistic individuals may struggle with motor coordination and body awareness, leading to difficulties with activities like handwriting or sports.

The Impact of Sensory Sensitivities:

Overstimulation:

Sensory sensitivities can lead to sensory overload, causing stress, anxiety, and meltdowns.

Social Isolation:

The fear of sensory overload can lead to social withdrawal and isolation as individuals may avoid crowded or noisy places.

Difficulty with Daily Tasks:

Sensory sensitivities can make routine tasks like getting dressed, eating, or attending school challenging.

Communication Challenges:

When overwhelmed by sensory input, autistic individuals may struggle to communicate effectively.

Understanding and Supporting Autistic Individuals with Sensory Sensitivities:

Listen and observe:

Pay attention to an autistic individual’s cues. They may use non-verbal signals to communicate discomfort, such as covering their ears or eyes.

Create a sensory-friendly environment:

Offer a quiet and calming space where an individual can retreat when sensory sensitivities become overwhelming.

Respect sensory preferences:

If an individual has specific sensory preferences, such as weighted blankets or fidget toys, respect and provide these as needed.

Sensory Diet:

Work with therapists or occupational therapists to develop a sensory diet and a personalized plan to manage sensory sensitivities through activities and tools.

Gradual Exposure:

Help individuals gradually become accustomed to sensory stimuli they find challenging. Start with less intense exposures and build up over time.

Communication:

Encourage open and patient communication about sensory sensitivities. Encourage individuals to express their needs and preferences.

Conclusion

Understanding sensory sensitivities in autism is crucial for creating a supportive and inclusive environment. By recognizing and accommodating these sensitivities, we can help autistic individuals better navigate their world and reduce the stress and anxiety associated with sensory overload. Every autistic person is unique, and taking a personalized approach to support is key to their well-being and success.